A guide to understanding the basics of cryptocurrency

A couple weeks ago, I went to Miami for a vacation and it also happened to be Crypto Weekend. There was a big cryptocurrency conference that thousands of people were in town for. While laying on the beach, a plane flew by with a banner saying “ Crypto Made by Veterans”. Seconds later, another plane flew by advertising another type of cryptocurrency. I kept meeting people in Miami for the crypto conference all throughout the weekend and saw so many promotions for different brands. There were also some restaurants announcing their establishment would now be accepting cryptocurrency as payment.
I felt like I was surrounded by cryptocurrency and it wouldn't leave my mind. Before this, I did not know much about cryptocurrency or had much interest in it, but my vacation made me want to learn more about the topic. As cryptocurrency becomes more relevant on social media and grows to become a currency that can be widely used, we will see new types of cryptocurrency, what it could be used for, and why people are hesitant to invest in it.
Cryptocurrency
A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Many cryptocurrencies are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology—a distributed ledger enforced by a disparate network of computers (Frankenfield). In simpler terms, cryptocurrency is a digital medium of exchange where transaction records are stored in a collection of books across a computerized database system. These transactions are managed by "miners" who ensure the accuracy of the information. A defining feature of cryptocurrencies is that they are generally not issued by any central authority, rendering them theoretically immune to government interference or manipulation (Frankenfield). Although many cryptocurrencies have the word ‘coin’ in their name, none of them are actual physical coins.
You may be wondering how the process of cryptocurrency mining works since there is no physical form and it is only digital. Mining is the activity of verifying transactions to prevent double-spending because there is a risk digital information can be reproduced and manipulated since there is no central agency distributing cryptocurrency. A great deal of energy is used as transactions take some time to be verified. It involves an intensive process of number crunching and complex algorithms which requires an immense amount of computing energy.
Types of Cryptocurrency
There are more than 5,000 different types of cryptocurrencies worth over $1.7 trillion. Bitcoin was the first type of cryptocurrency to come out in 2009 and is the most popular. There are several other types you may familiar with such as:
DogeCoin
Litecoin
Namecoin
Ethereum
Tether
There are so many different brands of cryptocurrency now, but the ones I listed above are some of the most well-known right now. Different brands are still rolling out every month.
How Cryptocurrency Can be Used
We are in an era where everything is becoming digital, so it is no surprise that digital currency is becoming popular. As of right now, cryptocurrency is not a normalized currency. In the past year, it has taken some big leaps. Two NFL Players chose to have their salaries converted to Bitcoin. Elon Musk has recently announced his electric car company, Tesla, would accept Bitcoin again once it can be mined using half clean energy. El Salvador passed laws to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender and they will use volcano power to mine it. Government officials in countries like Panama, Mexico, Tonga, and Brazil have expressed their support for adopting Bitcoin too. These are just a few examples of Bitcoin leading the way to make cryptocurrency a widely used currency.
A growing list of companies are allowing people to use cryptocurrency to buy their items or services on their websites, including Overstock, Expedia, Newegg, and Dish. This is just a small list, but there are tons more. There are also third-party websites that will let you convert your cryptocurrency in exchange for dollars.
So far the only move the United States Government has made to regulate cryptocurrency is the Treasury issuing new rules to report large transactions to the IRS. However, there is no official statement of the country adopting cryptocurrency for use.
The Hesitancy
Cryptocurrency can be bad for crime. It may be used for money laundering and tax evasion as transactions can be listed anonymously. For example, Bitcoin transactions can be done without revealing personal information or identities. This could potentially lead to more cases of fraud. With it not being centralized, this allows imposters to draw people into their scams. Many people report being lured to websites that look like opportunities to invest in cryptocurrencies, but it turns out to be fraudulent. Below you can see the reports and losses from those investment scams over the past 4 years.

The US treasury has called for stricter cryptocurrency compliance with the IRS. This will likely cause investors to be upset because the government wants to get involved. Although this could help give investors more security.
Cryptocurrency is not stable. Its value can fluctuate at any time due to a simple tweet. When Musk tweeted in favor of it, prices jumped. However, when he expressed his dislike for it, prices slumped (McLean).
Cryptocurrency may seem harmless because it is digital, but it takes a lot of energy to mine the coins. The energy bill for mining keeps rising and it is adding to the current climate crisis. For instance, the amount of energy to mine one Bitcoin transaction is equivalent to an average US household’s energy for 53 days (Gonzalez).
After reading this article, I hope you will have a much better understanding of what cryptocurrency is and maybe want to invest in some. Especially as we see the use of cryptocurrency growing in many places, it is useful to have more knowledge on the topic. If you ever go on vacation to a destination with a cryptocurrency conference, you will not be lost like I was.
Works Cited
“Cryptocurrency Prices, Charts And Market Capitalizations.” CoinMarketCap, coinmarketcap.com/.
Fletcher, Emma. “Cryptocurrency Buzz Drives Record Investment Scam Losses.” Federal Trade Commission, 17 May 2021, www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2021/05/cryptocurrency-buzz-drives-record-investment-scam-losses.
Frankenfield, Jake. “Cryptocurrency.” Investopedia, Investopedia, 25 May 2021, www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp.
Gonzalez, Oscar. “Here's How Much Energy It Really Takes to Mine Bitcoin and Why People Are Concerned.” CNET, CNET, 14 June 2021, www.cnet.com/news/heres-how-much-energy-it-really-takes-to-mine-bitcoin-and-why-people-are-concerned/.
Helms, Kevin. “Latin American Countries Eye Bitcoin Adoption After El Salvador Passed Bitcoin Law – Regulation Bitcoin News.”, 15 June 2021, news.bitcoin.com/latin-american-countries-bitcoin-adoption-el-salvador-bitcoin-law/.
McLean, Rob. “Bitcoin Jumps as Elon Musk Suggests Way That Tesla Could Start Accepting It Again.” CNN, Cable News Network, 14 June 2021, www.cnn.com/2021/06/14/investing/elon-musk-bitcoin-intl-hnk/index.html.